technical analysis of created scars on the edge trees of skid-trail due to skidding operation

logging operations is an engineering system with the aim of maximizing efficiency and minimizing negative effects. this study was carried out in two compartments including 220 and 225 in namkhaneh district of kheiroudkenar watershed. in this study, damages resulted from skidding operation by timber jack 450c were evaluated. the results of this study showed that in two compartments 220 and 225, 80.6% and 72.7% of scars resulted from skidding operations was happened in low parts of the tree (root and stump area) and more than 40% of scars are with the area of lower than 200cm2, but 57% of scars are accompanied with cambium damage. the results of study showed that with regarding to lower logging intensity in compartment 225 compared to compartment 220, the average size of scars in compartment 225 (10.43cm) is more than compartment 220 (9.06cm) that this important note is referred to more skid-trail turns in compartment 225 compared to compartment 220 (around 2 times more). also, the results of analysis of variance showed that the wound-stem ratio is significant difference between two compartments in 1% level (f=9.01, p=0.003, df=1). generally, concluded that increasing number of turns in skid-trails have more degradation effects in comparison with harvesting intensity on edge trees.